动态工况下母线电容纹波电流特征分析*

doi:10.16257/j.cnki.1681-1070.2026.0065

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 电动汽车动态工况下母线电容纹波电流有效值的快速计算与统计特性是开展其可靠性评估与设计的关键前提。基于电路理论，推导了母线电容纹波电流有效值的计算式。构建了电机控制策略下的电流查表模型，结合汽车纵向动力学平衡方程、电机电压方程和机械方程。搭建了以车速工况为输入，纹波电流有效值为输出的快速计算模型。分析了7个城市用户动态工况下的电容纹波电流统计特征，对比分析了标准循环工况与典型用户工况下纹波电流有效值的统计特征。结果表明，不同城市用户工况的纹波电流统计特征存在显著差异，但总体上遵循正态分布；典型用户工况与全球统一轻型车辆测试循环（WLTC）工况在统计特征值方面相似度高，与WLTC、中国轻型汽车行驶（CLTC）工况等在有效值幅值分布上相似度高，与中国乘用车行驶（CLTC-P）工况在有效值变程-频次雨流循环计数方面具有相似性。研究结果可为结合用户大数据工况开展车载母线电容可靠性评估的载荷模型构建提供参考。

关键词: 母线电容, 纹波电流, 动态工况, 统计特征

Abstract: The rapid calculation and statistical characteristics of the effective value of bus capacitor ripple current under dynamic operating conditions of electric vehicles are key prerequisites for conducting its reliability assessment and design. Based on circuit theory, the calculation formula for the effective value of ripple current in the bus capacitor is derived. A current lookup table model is constructed under the motor control strategy, combined with the longitudinal dynamic balance equation of vehicles, the motor voltage equation, and the mechanical equation, to build a fast calculation model with the vehicle speed condition as input and the effective value of ripple current as output. The statistical characteristics of capacitor ripple current under dynamic operating conditions of users in 7 cities are analyzed. The statistical characteristics of the effective ripple current under standard cycle conditions and typical user conditions are compared and analyzed. The results indicate that there are significant differences in the statistical characteristics of ripple current under different urban user operating conditions, but overall it follows a normal distribution; the typical user operating conditions have a high similarity in statistical characteristic values with the worldwide harmonized light vehicle test cycle (WLTC) operating conditions, and have a high similarity in effective value amplitude distribution with WLTC, China light-duty vehicle test cycle (CLTC) operating conditions, etc. They also have a similarity in effective value range frequency rainflow cycle counting with China light-duty vehicle test cycle-passenger (CLTC-P) operating conditions. The research results can provide reference for the construction of load models for reliability assessment of on-board bus capacitors based on user big data working conditions.

Key words: bus capacitor, ripple current, dynamic condition, characteristic analysis

中图分类号:

TN306
TM464

胡奕暄，李成夺，辛净乐，周子曰，张东东. 动态工况下母线电容纹波电流特征分析^*[J]. 电子与封装, 2026, 26(6): 060501 .

HU Yixuan, LI Chengduo, XIN Jingle, ZHOU Ziyue, ZHANG Dongdong. HU Yixuan¹, LI Chengduo¹, XIN Jingle¹, ZHOU Ziyue¹, ZHANG Dongdong^{1, 2, 3}[J]. Electronics & Packaging, 2026, 26(6): 060501 .

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