关键词: STM32H743, I2C通信, 多主机系统, 电路老炼, 批量监控

Abstract: To address the problems of hardware resource redundancy, high system complexity and high cost caused by the traditional single-master single-slave communication mode in circuit burn-in test, an innovative approach is taken at the engineering principles level to design and implement a multi-channel I²C batch communication system based on the STM32H743 microcontroller. In terms of hardware expansion mechanism, the system configures 25 groups of general-purpose input/output (GPIO) pins of STM32H743 and adopts the method of software I²C timing simulation, which breaks through the bottleneck of the limited number of hardware I²C peripherals of the microcontroller, and successfully expands 25 groups of completely independent I²C master interfaces. In terms of centralized monitoring mechanism, the system adopts a master-slave polling architecture and takes the dual-cycle traversal algorithm as the core scheduling strategy. The outer cycle switches the communication targets by address groups, while the inner cycle traverses all physical slave devices within the group. By virtue of the time-division multiplexing mechanism, the system realizes state data acquisition and anomaly detection for up to 25×X slave circuits (where X denotes the number of slaves supported by a single master), and realizes systematic centralized monitoring and management. Test results show that the proposed system can read back and display the status of all slave devices in real time. The response time of anomaly detection is less than 100 ms. Under continuous testing for 48 h at a high temperature of 125 ℃, the success rate of more than 4.4 million cumulative communication transactions exceeds 99.95%. Compared with existing similar solutions relying on dedicated switching chips or multiplexers, the core engineering principle innovation of this scheme lies in realizing large-scale I²C master expansion by pure software simulation, which abandons additional hardware dependence and brings prominent advantages in engineering application. A single main board can centrally manage hundreds of nodes, the system complexity and hardware cost are estimated to be reduced by over 40% in contrast with traditional schemes. A novel solution with high cost-effectiveness, simplicity and reliability is provided for mass production screening of high-reliability electronic devices.

Key words: STM32H743, I2C communication, multi-master system, circuit burn-in, batch monitoring