中国半导体行业协会封装分会会刊

中国电子学会电子制造与封装技术分会会刊

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电子与封装

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先进铜填充硅通孔制备技术研究进展

刘旭东,撒子成,李浩喆,李嘉琦,田艳红   

  1. 哈尔滨工业大学材料结构精密焊接与连接全国重点实验室,哈尔滨  150001
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-21 修回日期:2025-02-05 出版日期:2025-02-12 发布日期:2025-02-12
  • 通讯作者: 田艳红
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(U2241223)

Research Progress on Advanced Copper-Filled Through-Silicon Via Preparation Technology

LIU Xudong, SA Zicheng, LI Haozhe, LI Jiaqi, TIAN Yanhong   

  1. State Key Laboratory of Precision Welding & Joining of Materials and Structures, Harbin 150001, China
  • Received:2024-12-21 Revised:2025-02-05 Online:2025-02-12 Published:2025-02-12

摘要: 随着后摩尔定律时代的到来,硅通孔技术通过填充铜作为垂直的导电通路实现了多层芯片之间的电气互连,提供了一种高性能、高可靠性的3D封装互连方案。综述了铜在TSV先进互连技术中的制备技术。总结并对比了溅射法、化学气相沉积、原子层沉积、化学镀、电接枝技术五种不同的铜种子层制备工艺的沉积机理、性能优劣和改进方案。介绍了硅通孔填充铜的三种不同方案,包括电镀、化学镀和导电浆料填充技术。强调了电镀工艺、电流、添加剂和退火工艺对硅通孔内电镀铜的影响。最后对应用于硅通孔的铜先进互连技术的未来发展方向提出了展望。

关键词: 铜硅通孔, 先进封装, 电镀, 种子层

Abstract:

With the advent of the more than Moore, through-silicon via (TSV) technology has achieved electrical interconnection between multi-layer chips by filling copper as vertical conductive pathways, providing a high-performance, high-reliability 3D packaging interconnection solution. The preparation for copper in TSV advanced interconnect technology is reviewed. The deposition mechanisms, performance and improvement options of five different copper seed layer preparation processes including sputtering, chemical vapor deposition, atomic layer deposition, electroless plating and electrografting are compared. Three different options for filling silicon via holes with copper are presented, including electroplating, chemical plating and conductive slurry filling techniques. The effects of plating process, current, additives and annealing on copper plating in silicon through holes are emphasized. Finally, an outlook on the future direction of copper advanced interconnect technology applied to silicon through holes is presented.

Key words: copper-filled through-silicon via, advanced packaging, electrodeposition, seed layer